Sulfurized condensate of alphapinene and phosphorus pentasulfide



Patented July 18, 1950 SULFURIZED CONDENSATE OF ALPHA- PIN ENE AND PHOSPHORUS PENTASULFIDE' William S. Hoock, Michigan City, and Milton P.

Kleinholz, East Chicago, Ind., assignors to Sinclair Refining Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Maine No Drawing. Application July 18, 1947, Serial No. 761,994

sci-aims; (c1. zen-139i Qur invention relates to a reaction product which is particularly valuable applied as a lubri cating oil additive but whichomay be useful in other connections, Because of the oxidationto corrode bearings.

inhibiting action of the reaction product lubricating oils containing the same show improved content of from 002% to 0.08%. resistance to deterioration and a reduced tendency ing addition of the oil solution, which may have the consistency of a viscous lubricating oil, e 0 1 pr u t s ned by sulfurizing a conlight precipitate develops on standing, as somedensate obtained by reacting a terpene with a times occurs, this may be avoided by the incorpo-' phosphorus sulfide. As prefera ly prepared for ration of about:.05% on the weight of the inuse-as alubri-cating oil additive, the. product rephibitedoil of calcium mahogany sulfonate. resents a. sulfurized condensate of alpha-pinene The following examples illustrating the prepa and phosphorus pentasulfide. The alpha-pinene ration of the reaction product are not to be taken neednot be chemically pure. Thus, we have used as in any way restrictive of the scope of our. in-- with good effect the commercially available matevention: I rial identifiedin the trade as Pinene 111 which is Eimmpze I said to contain about 92% alpha-pinene, 45% camp hene and 34% dipentene and other ter- In a five liter, three-necked flask equipped-with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer was Most suitably, the terpene before reaction with placed 1088 grams (8 moles) of alpha-pinene. the phosphorus sulfideis pretreated for the reelectric heating mantle was used to heat the moval of oxygen-containing impurities as by the a p -p ne to 275 F. The heat was turned off process described in thec-o-pending application of and 444 grams (2 moles) of powdered phosphorus Milton? ,Kleinholz,,serial No. 674,932, filed June pentasulfide was added portionwise with vigorous 6, 1946, Patent No. 2,453,? 12. In accordance with stirring. The initial, portions weighed approxithat process the terpene is refluxed .for a submately 40 grams and after about half of the phosstantial period over an alkali metal alcoholate. phorus pentasulfide was added, the portions were preferably a sodium alcoholate. The removal of increased to about grams. the Oxygen-containing impurities is advantageous 30 ,temperature w s maintained W n 2 d in that the odor and thermal stability of our y the rate of t e phosp mu D dproduct is thereby improved. ditions. After 1% hours, all the phosphorus Our product may be produced using various pentasulfide had been added and the exothermic proportions of the. reactants. However, where react-ion Wa 0 longer app the heater was the product is to be employed in the preparation turned-on and the temperature was maintained of a compounded lubricating oi1, we recommend at or W hours. 7 th t fr m 3 t 3 H1015 of th te pene be employed or powdered sulfur was added in increments of 32 for each mol of sulfide in the initial reaction and ms. ea h at 45 m e intervals- ,After the that the sulfurization ofthe terpene-phosphorus Second it of Sulfur the mperaturejwas sulfide condensate .be carried out using not less id 2 3 4 7 and maintained 3 4 f than one and one-half moles nor more than twenhours er 1 the Sulfur had en d e e ty five' moles of sulfur for each mole of sulfide he was turned Off and the product was demployed in the condensation. e These relative l 2 ra o a Mid-Continent neutml ubriproportions are particularly applicable in the eating Q3- The D O Was filtered at ateme case. of the preferred vterpene and phosphorus ll 9 "3 0? 3- using a commercial filter aid. sulfide, i. e. alpha-pinene and phosphorus penta- U o 3 it Was found 1 Contain 1 1 1 We do not know the exact mechanism fur a 8% P sp Theacid num r wa by which the reactions giving our product proen' th sanenifieation number 59. ceed and We have made no attempet to determine 2 i 1 either the molecular Weight or structure of the a 1 II product. As normally prepared the product is a In afive liter, three-neckedcflask equlppedwith 80116 at ord narytemperature. Applied as a a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser andwa ilillgl flgazl'glnifclilnagf glgifigris1:358? incorporated in thermometer, was placed i088 grams (8 moles/yore-v vmg a phosphorus alphapmener An electricheating mantle-wasv content of about 1.5 tofl%, for example, using as the solvent oil an oil whose viscosit and other characteristics are not such as to adversely afiect the lubricating qualities of the oil to be inhibited.- Ordinarily, we add the oil solution in such H amounts as to give a blend having a phosphorus- Where, follow- Meanwhile the 96 grams (3 moles) 3 heat was turned off and 444 grams (2 moles) of powdered phosphorus pentasulfide was added portionwise with vigorous stirring. The initial portions weighed approximately 40 grams and after about'half .of'the phosphoruspentasulfide was added, the portions were increased to about 80 grams. Meanwhile the temperature was held at 275 F. by the rate of addition of the phos phorus pentasulfide. After l hours all of the phosphorus pentasulfide had been added and the exothermic reaction was no longer evident. The heater was turned on and the reactantswere maintained at 275 F. for 2 hours. 192 grams (6 moles) of powdered sulfur was added in toto and the temperature was increased to 325 F. At this time another exothermic reaction occurredand the temperature rose rapidly to 366 F. The. flask was cooled to 325 F. and maintained at thistemperature for 6 hours. The heat was turned off and the product was diluted with 2205 grams of a Mid-Continent neutral lubricating oil. The final product was filtered at 200 F. using a commercial filter'aid. It contained 12.85% sulfur and 3.08% phosphorus. The acid and saponification num be'rs were 16.4 and 100 respectively.

Example III Ina five liter, three-necked flask equipped with amechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer, was placed 1088 grams (8 moles) of alpha-pinene. An electric heating mantle was used to heat the alpha-pinene to 275 F. The heat was turned off and 444 grams (2 moles) of powdered phosphorus pentasulfide was added portionwise with vigorous stirring. The first portions weighed approximately 40 grams and after about half of the phosphorus pentasulfide was added the portions were increased to about 80 grams. The addition of phosphorus pentasulfide required approximately 2 hours and the temperature was maintained at about 275 F. throughout this step. The reactants were kept at this temperature for an additional 2%; hours and then 288 grams (9 moles) of powdered sulfur was added'in three equal portions over a period of 45v minutes. After all sulfur had been added, the temperature was raised to 325 F. The temperature was maintained at about 325 F. for 6 hours after the final addition of sulfur was made and then the heater was turned 01f and 2110 grams of a Mid-Continent neutral lubricating oil was added." The final product was filtered with a commercial'filter aid at a temperature of 200 F. It had an acid number of 25.4, a saponification number of109 and contained 15.10% sulfur and 2.93% phosphorus.

Example IV .In. a five liter, three-neckedfiask equipped with astirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer, was placed 1360 grams (10 moles) of alpha-pinene. An electric heating mantle was used to heatthealpha-pinene to 275 F. The heater was turned off .and 444 grams (2 moles) of powdered phosphorus pentasulfide was added in increments of 140-80. grams each at such a rate as to main-.

d mentarily raised the temperature to 377 F. The flask was cooled to 325 F. and so maintained for 6 hours. The product was diluted with 1934 grams of a Mid-Continent neutral lubricatin oil and, after cooling to 200.F., wasfiltered with a commercial filter aid. It had an acid number of 5.4 and a saponification number of 133 and contained 12.35% sulfur and 3.08% phosphorus.

Example V In a five liter, three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometen.

was placed 1360 grams (10 moles) of alpha-pi- An electric heating mantle was used to heat the alpha-pinene to 275 F. The heater was .turned off and 444 grams (2 moles) of powdered phosphorus entasulfide was added in increments .of 40-80 grams each at such a rate as to maintain the temperature at -about 275 F. The alpha-pinene was stirred vigorously during the 1 hours while the phosphorus pentasulfide was introduced. The heater was turned on and the reactants were maintained at 275 F. for an additional 2 hours. 288 grams (9 moles) of sulfur-was added in three equal portions over a period of '2 hours. The first portion of sulfur was added-at temperature of 275 F. and the heater "was turned up until a temperature of 317 F.--was' reached. At this stage anexothermic'reaction occurred and the heater was removed. "The maximum temperature was 342 F. After addition of the balance of sulfur at about 317 F., the reaction was continued at 325 F. for 6 hours and the heater was turned off. The product was diluted with 1838 grams of a Mid-Continent neutr'allubricating oil and filtered at 200 F. using a com mercial filter aid. It analyzed 15.42% sulfur and 3.14% phosphorus. The acid number was 10.4 and the saponification number 109.

Example VI In a five liter, three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer was placed 1088 grams (8. moles) of alpha-pinener An electric heating mantleswas used to heat the alpha-pinene to 275 F. The heater was turned off and 222 grams (1 mole). of

powdered phosphorus pentasulfide was added.

portionwise with stirring, at such a rate as to maintain the temperature at 275-285 F. during the 50 minutes required for the phosphorus pentasulfide addition. The heater was turned on and the temperature was kept at 275 F.'for 1 hour. 384 grams (12 moles) of sulfur was added in three equal portions. Upon adding the first portion of sulfur the temperature was raised to 325F. and an exothermic reaction occurred which momentarily raised the temperature to 350. F., After 1% hours, the second portion of sulfur was added and the temperature was kept at 300 F. forfll hour. The third and final portion of sulfur was then added and the temperature was maintained at 325 F. for 6 additional hours. The heater was turned off, 1694 grams of a Mid-Continent neutral oil was added, and the product was filtered .at

200F. with a commercial filter aid. It analyzed 15.93% sulfur and 1.64%, phosphorus. .The acid number was 25.1 and the saponification number We claim:

1. The product obtained by sulfurizing with elemental sulfurat-a reaction temperaturewithin the approximate range 300 F.-340 F. a con-.

densate prepared by reacting-alpha pinene with phosphorus sulfide at a temperature of about 275 7 2,516,222 v. 5 v Ft, where in the preparation of said condensate REFERENCES CITED from about 3 to about 8 moles of the alpha The following references are of record in the nene are used for each mole of phosphorus sulme of this patent:

fide and where the sulfurization is efiected using from about l to about 25 moles of elemental 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS sulfur for each mole of phosphorus sulfide em- Number Name Date ployed in said condensation reaction. 1,963,084 Gardner June 19, 1934 2. The product of claim 1 wherein the phos- 2,242,260 Prutton May 20, 1941 phorus sulfide is phosphorus pentasulfide. 2,356,073 May Aug. 15, 1944 WILLIAM S. HOOCK. 10 2,413,648 Ott Dec. 31, 1946 MILTON P. KLEINHOLZ. 2,415,837 Musselman Feb. 18, 1947 

1. THE PRODUCT OBTAINED BY SULFURIZING WITH ELEMENTAL SULFUR AT A REACTION TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE APPROXIMATE RANGE 300*F.-340*F. A CONDENSATE PREPARED BY REACTING ALPHA PINENE WITH PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 275* F., WHERE IN THE PREPARATION OF SAID CONDENSATE FROM ABOUT 3 TO ABOUT 8 MOLES OF THE ALPHA PINENE ARE USED FOR EACH MOLE OF PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE AND WHERE THE SULFURIZATION IS EFFECTED USING FROM ABOUT 11/2 TO ABOUT 25 MOLES OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR FOR EACH MOLE OF PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE EMPLOYED IN SAID CONDENSATION REACTION. 